JSS 2 First Term

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BY THE END OF THE LESSON PUPILS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Cognitive	i. Define cybersecurity and explain why it matters. ii. Identify common online threats and types of malware. iii. Describe phishing and how to avoid it. iv. Apply strong passwords, two factor authentication and safe browsing.
Affective	i. Appreciate the value of Cybersecurity and Online Safety in school, at home and in the community. ii. Show willingness to use digital tools carefully, safely and responsibly.
Psychomotor	i. Create a strong password for a sample account and explain why it is strong. ii. Turn on two factor authentication on a school or personal account if allowed. iii. List five signs that an email may be a phishing attempt. iv. Write five protection measures on a chart for the computer lab.

Rationale: Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unauthorised access, damage or attack. Understanding what is Cybersecurity, common Online Threats and Malware, phishing, strong Passwords and Two Factor Authentication helps learners use digital technology confidently, safely and responsibly.

Pre-requisite Knowledge: In Week 7, learners studied Cloud Computing and Digital Storage, including what is Cloud Computing, cloud Storage Services, how Files Synchronise. The knowledge from that week is used again in this lesson.

Learning Material/Teaching Aid: Whiteboard, markers, computer or laptop where available, printed notes and charts on Cybersecurity and Online Safety, practical task sheets, learners' notebooks and pens.

Reference Materials: Digital Technology for Junior Secondary Schools (JSS 2); NERDC Digital Technology Curriculum; Digital Technology JSS 2 First Term Notes (Week 8); First Term examination and Continuous Assessment question papers.

LESSON DEVELOPMENT

Stage/Step (Time)	Teacher's Activities	Student's Activities	Learning Points
Introduction 5 MINUTES	Welcomes learners, revises Week 7 (Cloud Computing and Digital Storage) with two quick oral questions, and asks what they already know about Cybersecurity and Online Safety. Elicits responses and writes the topic on the board.	Recall the previous lesson and share what they already know about Cybersecurity and Online Safety.	Connecting prior knowledge to Cybersecurity and Online Safety.
Step 1 6 MINUTES	Covers What is Cybersecurity: Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unauthorised access, damage or attack. Almost everything we do online involves personal data, so every internet user needs basic cybersecurity knowledge. Covers Common Online Threats and Malware: Malware is short for malicious software. It is any program written to harm a computer or steal data.	Listen, take notes and answer oral questions on "What is Cybersecurity" and related points.	Understanding: What is Cybersecurity; Common Online Threats and Malware.
Step 2 6 MINUTES	Covers Phishing: Phishing is a scam in which a person pretends to be a trusted organisation, such as a bank or school, to trick you into giving away personal information. Phishing messages often create a sense of urgency, such as saying an account will be closed or that you have won a prize. Covers Strong Passwords and Two Factor Authentication: A strong password is long and mixes capital letters, small letters, numbers and symbols. It should not be a common word, a name or a date of birth.	Copy the key points, give examples from school and everyday life, and ask questions on "Phishing" and related points.	Understanding: Phishing; Strong Passwords and Two Factor Authentication.
Step 3 6 MINUTES	Covers Safe Browsing and Protecting Personal Information: Safe browsing means checking that a website uses https and shows a padlock before entering any personal information, keeping the browser updated and not downloading files from unknown sources.	Discuss in pairs, then report one point on "Safe Browsing and Protecting Personal Information" to the class.	Understanding: Safe Browsing and Protecting Personal Information.
Step 4 6 MINUTES	Covers Social Media Safety and What To Do: Social media has privacy settings that control who sees your posts, profile and location. Review these settings and keep them strict, never accept requests from strangers and do not post your location in real time.	Respond to questions, complete the examples on the board and note down "Social Media Safety and What To Do".	Understanding: Social Media Safety and What To Do.
Practical Work 6 MINUTES	Guides learners through the practical work: (i) Create a strong password for a sample account and explain why it is strong. (ii) Turn on two factor authentication on a school or personal account if allowed. (iii) List five signs that an email may be a phishing attempt. Moves round the class to check progress and correct unsafe or careless use.	Carry out the practical tasks individually or in pairs and record what they did in their notebooks.	Applying the lesson through hands-on practice.
Evaluation 3 MINUTES	Asks learners to: i. Define cybersecurity and explain why it matters. ii. Identify common online threats and types of malware. iii. Describe phishing and how to avoid it. iv. Apply strong passwords, two factor authentication and safe browsing.	Respond verbally and in writing to the evaluation questions.	Assessment and consolidation of the lesson content.
Conclusion 2 MINUTES	Recaps the main points: what is Cybersecurity, common Online Threats and Malware, phishing, strong Passwords and Two Factor Authentication, safe Browsing and Protecting Personal Information. Links them to the assignment and previews Week 9: Data, Information and Data Protection.	Listen, ask questions and copy the assignment.	Reinforcement of key concepts and a preview of the next lesson.

Assignment: i. Chidi receives an email from his bank asking him to click a link and enter his account number. The email was sent to his personal address, not his bank address. Using phishing, explain why it is suspicious and what he should do. ii. The school computers suddenly run very slowly and pop-ups appear. The teacher says malware is responsible. Explain which type could be responsible and how it entered the system.