Sparklabs Learning / Digital Technology

JSS 2 First Term

Week 10: Spreadsheets and Presentations

School: Creative Brains Academy
Subject: Digital Technology
Pack: Full pack
Prepared: 7 November 2026

Week index

01Review and Classification of Computers
02Computer System: Hardware, Software and Peopleware
03Operating Systems and File Management
04Computer Networks
05Network Components and Topologies
06Internet, Web and Online Services
07Cloud Computing and Digital Storage
08Cybersecurity and Online Safety
09Data, Information and Data Protection
10Spreadsheets and Presentations
11Revision
12Examination

Week 10 / First Term

Spreadsheets and Presentations

Monday 9 November 2026 to Friday 13 November 2026

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Describe a spreadsheet and its main parts.
Enter data, formulas and functions in a spreadsheet.
Describe a presentation and the parts of the presentation window.
Create and present a short slide show.

Introduction to Spreadsheets

A spreadsheet is a program used to arrange numbers and text in rows and columns and to perform calculations quickly. It is used for accounts, marks, budgets and record keeping. Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets are common examples.

A spreadsheet file is called a workbook, and it contains one or more sheets called worksheets. The point where a row and a column meet is a cell, and each cell has an address such as A1 or B5. A row runs across the sheet and is named by a number, while a column runs down the sheet and is named by a letter.

Working with a Spreadsheet

Data is typed into cells, and the active cell is the one selected. To calculate, a formula begins with the equals sign, such as =A1+A2. A function is a ready made formula, such as =SUM(A1:A10) to add a range of numbers or =AVERAGE(A1:A10) to find the mean.

A chart turns numbers into a picture, such as a bar chart or a pie chart, which makes the data easier to understand. Charts are inserted from the Insert menu, and the chart type is chosen to suit the data.

Introduction to Presentations

A presentation is a slide show used to present information to an audience. Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides are common examples. A presentation is made of slides, and the first slide usually holds the title and the presenter's name.

The presentation window has a slide pane that shows the slides in order, a editing area for the current slide, a ribbon of tools and a status bar. A slide master controls the layout and style of every slide, and a template gives a ready made design.

Creating and Presenting Slides

To create slides, add a title and bullet points, then insert pictures, shapes or charts where they help. Keep text short, use a clear font and use one idea per slide. New slides can be added and moved, and content can be resized or deleted.

To present, use Slide Show mode, move forward with the arrow keys and speak clearly to the audience. Save the presentation often, and export it or print it as handouts when needed.

Component	What it is
Workbook	The spreadsheet file
Worksheet	One sheet inside the workbook
Cell	The point where a row and column meet
Row	A line of cells across the sheet, named by a number
Column	A line of cells down the sheet, named by a letter
Formula	A calculation that begins with the equals sign

Function	What it does
SUM	Adds a range of numbers
AVERAGE	Finds the mean of a range
MAX	Finds the largest number
MIN	Finds the smallest number

Part of the window	What it does
Slide pane	Shows the slides in order
Editing area	Shows the current slide being worked on
Ribbon	Holds the tools and commands
Slide master	Controls the layout and style of every slide

Practical Work

Open a spreadsheet and enter the marks of five pupils in a column, then use SUM and AVERAGE to find the total and the mean.
Insert a bar chart from the marks and give it a title.
Open a presentation program and create three slides: a title slide, a slide with bullet points and a closing slide.
Add one picture to a slide and run the slide show.

Scenario-Based Questions

A teacher wants to record the marks of forty pupils and find the average. Explain why a spreadsheet is better than a paper exercise book for this task.
A pupil types 45 into cell A1 and 55 into A2, then wants the total in A3. Write the formula the pupil should type.
A school wants to show how many pupils chose each of four clubs. Which chart type is best, and why?
A presenter puts a long paragraph on one slide. Explain two ways to make the slide easier to read.
Explain the difference between a workbook and a worksheet.
Explain how a chart helps a user understand spreadsheet data.
Describe the steps to add a new slide and save a presentation.

Teacher plan

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BY THE END OF THE LESSON PUPILS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Cognitive	i. Describe a spreadsheet and its main parts. ii. Enter data, formulas and functions in a spreadsheet. iii. Describe a presentation and the parts of the presentation window. iv. Create and present a short slide show.
Affective	i. Appreciate the value of Spreadsheets and Presentations in school, at home and in the community. ii. Show willingness to use digital tools carefully, safely and responsibly.
Psychomotor	i. Open a spreadsheet and enter the marks of five pupils in a column, then use SUM and AVERAGE to find the total and the mean. ii. Insert a bar chart from the marks and give it a title. iii. Open a presentation program and create three slides: a title slide, a slide with bullet points and a closing slide. iv. Add one picture to a slide and run the slide show.

Rationale: A spreadsheet is a program used to arrange numbers and text in rows and columns and to perform calculations quickly. Understanding introduction to Spreadsheets, working with a Spreadsheet, introduction to Presentations, creating and Presenting Slides helps learners use digital technology confidently, safely and responsibly.

Pre-requisite Knowledge: In Week 9, learners studied Data, Information and Data Protection, including data and Information, sources of Data, how Information is Produced. The knowledge from that week is used again in this lesson.

Learning Material/Teaching Aid: Whiteboard, markers, computer or laptop where available, printed notes and charts on Spreadsheets and Presentations, practical task sheets, learners' notebooks and pens.

Reference Materials: Digital Technology for Junior Secondary Schools (JSS 2); NERDC Digital Technology Curriculum; Digital Technology JSS 2 First Term Notes (Week 10); First Term examination and Continuous Assessment question papers.

LESSON DEVELOPMENT

Stage/Step (Time)	Teacher's Activities	Student's Activities	Learning Points
Introduction 5 MINUTES	Welcomes learners, revises Week 9 (Data, Information and Data Protection) with two quick oral questions, and asks what they already know about Spreadsheets and Presentations. Elicits responses and writes the topic on the board.	Recall the previous lesson and share what they already know about Spreadsheets and Presentations.	Connecting prior knowledge to Spreadsheets and Presentations.
Step 1 6 MINUTES	Covers Introduction to Spreadsheets: A spreadsheet is a program used to arrange numbers and text in rows and columns and to perform calculations quickly. It is used for accounts, marks, budgets and record keeping. Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets are common examples.	Listen, take notes and answer oral questions on "Introduction to Spreadsheets".	Understanding: Introduction to Spreadsheets.
Step 2 6 MINUTES	Covers Working with a Spreadsheet: Data is typed into cells, and the active cell is the one selected. To calculate, a formula begins with the equals sign, such as =A1+A2. A function is a ready made formula, such as =SUM(A1:A10) to add a range of numbers or =AVERAGE(A1:A10) to find the mean.	Copy the key points, give examples from school and everyday life, and ask questions on "Working with a Spreadsheet".	Understanding: Working with a Spreadsheet.
Step 3 6 MINUTES	Covers Introduction to Presentations: A presentation is a slide show used to present information to an audience. Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides are common examples. A presentation is made of slides, and the first slide usually holds the title and the presenter's name.	Discuss in pairs, then report one point on "Introduction to Presentations" to the class.	Understanding: Introduction to Presentations.
Step 4 6 MINUTES	Covers Creating and Presenting Slides: To create slides, add a title and bullet points, then insert pictures, shapes or charts where they help. Keep text short, use a clear font and use one idea per slide. New slides can be added and moved, and content can be resized or deleted.	Respond to questions, complete the examples on the board and note down "Creating and Presenting Slides".	Understanding: Creating and Presenting Slides.
Practical Work 6 MINUTES	Guides learners through the practical work: (i) Open a spreadsheet and enter the marks of five pupils in a column, then use SUM and AVERAGE to find the total and the mean. (ii) Insert a bar chart from the marks and give it a title. (iii) Open a presentation program and create three slides: a title slide, a slide with bullet points and a closing slide. Moves round the class to check progress and correct unsafe or careless use.	Carry out the practical tasks individually or in pairs and record what they did in their notebooks.	Applying the lesson through hands-on practice.
Evaluation 3 MINUTES	Asks learners to: i. Describe a spreadsheet and its main parts. ii. Enter data, formulas and functions in a spreadsheet. iii. Describe a presentation and the parts of the presentation window. iv. Create and present a short slide show.	Respond verbally and in writing to the evaluation questions.	Assessment and consolidation of the lesson content.
Conclusion 2 MINUTES	Recaps the main points: introduction to Spreadsheets, working with a Spreadsheet, introduction to Presentations, creating and Presenting Slides. Links them to the assignment and previews Week 11: Revision.	Listen, ask questions and copy the assignment.	Reinforcement of key concepts and a preview of the next lesson.

Assignment: i. A teacher wants to record the marks of forty pupils and find the average. Explain why a spreadsheet is better than a paper exercise book for this task. ii. A pupil types 45 into cell A1 and 55 into A2, then wants the total in A3. Write the formula the pupil should type.