JSS 3 First Term

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BY THE END OF THE LESSON PUPILS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Cognitive	i. Explain what a logic gate is and how it uses bits. ii. State the rule of the AND, OR and NOT gates. iii. Draw truth tables for the basic gates. iv. Describe how gates are combined in a computer.
Affective	i. Appreciate the value of Logic Gates in school, at home and in the community. ii. Show willingness to use digital tools carefully, safely and responsibly.
Psychomotor	i. Draw the truth table for the AND gate. ii. Draw the truth table for the OR gate. iii. Draw the truth table for the NOT gate. iv. Trace the output of an AND gate fed into a NOT gate for every pair of inputs.

Rationale: A logic gate is a small electronic circuit that takes one or more inputs, each being 0 or 1, and gives a single output, also 0 or 1. Understanding starter Scenario, what is a Logic Gate, the AND Gate, the OR Gate helps learners use digital technology confidently, safely and responsibly.

Pre-requisite Knowledge: In Week 6, learners studied Binary Numbers and Data Representation, including bits and Bytes, reading Binary Place Values, converting Between Binary and Decimal. The knowledge from that week is used again in this lesson.

Learning Material/Teaching Aid: Whiteboard, markers, computer or laptop where available, printed notes and charts on Logic Gates, practical task sheets, learners' notebooks and pens.

Reference Materials: Digital Technology for Junior Secondary Schools (JSS 3); NERDC Digital Technology Curriculum; Digital Technology JSS 3 First Term Notes (Week 7); First Term examination and Continuous Assessment question papers.

LESSON DEVELOPMENT

Stage/Step (Time)	Teacher's Activities	Student's Activities	Learning Points
Introduction 5 MINUTES	Welcomes learners, revises Week 6 (Binary Numbers and Data Representation) with two quick oral questions, and asks what they already know about Logic Gates. Elicits responses and writes the topic on the board.	Recall the previous lesson and share what they already know about Logic Gates.	Connecting prior knowledge to Logic Gates.
Step 1 6 MINUTES	Covers Starter Scenario: A school laboratory will only let a computer start when two conditions are both true, the door key card is inserted and the power switch is on. Covers What is a Logic Gate: A logic gate is a small electronic circuit that takes one or more inputs, each being 0 or 1, and gives a single output, also 0 or 1. Covers The AND Gate: An AND gate has two inputs and one output.	Listen, take notes and answer oral questions on "Starter Scenario" and related points.	Understanding: Starter Scenario; What is a Logic Gate; The AND Gate.
Step 2 6 MINUTES	Covers The OR Gate: An OR gate has two inputs and one output. Its rule is that the output is 1 when at least one of the inputs is 1. Covers The NOT Gate: A NOT gate has only one input and one output. Its rule is to flip the value, so a 0 becomes 1 and a 1 becomes 0.	Copy the key points, give examples from school and everyday life, and ask questions on "The OR Gate" and related points.	Understanding: The OR Gate; The NOT Gate.
Step 3 6 MINUTES	Covers How Gates Combine Inside a Computer: When the output of one gate feeds into the input of the next, the gates work in a chain. You can trace a signal through the chain, deciding the value at each step using the truth tables. Covers Logic Gate Principles: Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of every digital circuit inside a computer. A logic gate is a small electronic circuit that takes one or more binary inputs, each either 0 or 1, and produces a single binary output according to a fixed rule.	Discuss in pairs, then report one point on "How Gates Combine Inside a Computer" and related points to the class.	Understanding: How Gates Combine Inside a Computer; Logic Gate Principles.
Step 4 6 MINUTES	Covers Truth Tables for AND, OR and NOT: A truth table is a simple chart that shows every possible combination of inputs for a logic gate and the resulting output. Truth tables list all outcomes without leaving anything out, making them the most reliable way to understand how a gate behaves. Covers Combined Gate Circuits: NAND, NOR and XOR: When basic gates are connected together, they form new gates with different behaviour. A NAND gate is an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.	Respond to questions, complete the examples on the board and note down "Truth Tables for AND, OR and NOT" and related points.	Understanding: Truth Tables for AND, OR and NOT; Combined Gate Circuits: NAND, NOR and XOR.
Practical Work 6 MINUTES	Guides learners through the practical work: (i) Draw the truth table for the AND gate. (ii) Draw the truth table for the OR gate. (iii) Draw the truth table for the NOT gate. Moves round the class to check progress and correct unsafe or careless use.	Carry out the practical tasks individually or in pairs and record what they did in their notebooks.	Applying the lesson through hands-on practice.
Evaluation 3 MINUTES	Asks learners to: i. Explain what a logic gate is and how it uses bits. ii. State the rule of the AND, OR and NOT gates. iii. Draw truth tables for the basic gates. iv. Describe how gates are combined in a computer.	Respond verbally and in writing to the evaluation questions.	Assessment and consolidation of the lesson content.
Conclusion 2 MINUTES	Recaps the main points: starter Scenario, what is a Logic Gate, the AND Gate, the OR Gate, the NOT Gate. Links them to the assignment and previews Week 8: Algorithms and Flowcharts.	Listen, ask questions and copy the assignment.	Reinforcement of key concepts and a preview of the next lesson.

Assignment: i. A school door has a lock that opens only when two conditions are both true, the teacher inserts the key and the teacher enters the correct PIN. Name the logic gate that represents this rule and write its truth table. ii. A traffic light system turns on the pedestrian signal if button A is pressed OR button B is pressed. Name the gate, write its truth table, and explain why only one button needs to be pressed.