SS 2 First Term

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BY THE END OF THE LESSON STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Cognitive	i. State the functions and types of an operating system. ii. Explain what a software licence is and why it matters. iii. Compare proprietary, open source, freeware and shareware. iv. Describe commercial and subscription licence types.
Affective	i. Appreciate the value of Operating Systems, Software Licensing and Applications in school, at home and in the community. ii. Show willingness to use digital tools carefully, safely and responsibly.
Psychomotor	i. List five functions of an operating system. ii. Draw a table of four licence types and one example of each. iii. Explain the difference between open source and freeware. iv. Explain why pirated software is not an acceptable option.

Rationale: Operating systems are designed for different jobs. Understanding introduction, types of Operating Systems, common Operating Systems, functions of an Operating System helps learners use digital technology confidently, safely and responsibly.

Pre-requisite Knowledge: In Week 3, learners studied Secondary Storage, including magnetic and Optical Storage, solid-State Storage and Device Comparison, cloud Storage and Capacity or Performance. The knowledge from that week is used again in this lesson.

Learning Material/Teaching Aid: Whiteboard, markers, computer or laptop where available, printed notes and charts on Operating Systems, Software Licensing and Applications, practical task sheets, learners' notebooks and pens.

Reference Materials: Digital Technology for Senior Secondary Schools (SS 2); NERDC Digital Technology Curriculum; Digital Technology SS 2 First Term Notes (Week 4); First Term examination and Continuous Assessment question papers.

LESSON DEVELOPMENT

Stage/Step (Time)	Teacher's Activities	Student's Activities	Learning Points
Introduction 5 MINUTES	Welcomes learners, revises Week 3 (Secondary Storage) with two quick oral questions, and asks what they already know about Operating Systems, Software Licensing and Applications. Elicits responses and writes the topic on the board.	Recall the previous lesson and share what they already know about Operating Systems, Software Licensing and Applications.	Connecting prior knowledge to Operating Systems, Software Licensing and Applications.
Step 1 6 MINUTES	Covers Introduction: An operating system (OS) is the most important system software on a computer, sitting between the user, applications and hardware. Covers Types of Operating Systems: Operating systems are designed for different jobs. Covers Common Operating Systems: Windows, by Microsoft, is the most widely used desktop OS. Also covers Functions of an Operating System.	Listen, take notes and answer oral questions on "Introduction" and related points.	Understanding: Introduction; Types of Operating Systems; Common Operating Systems; and related ideas.
Step 2 6 MINUTES	Covers Advanced Operating System Engineering: Inside every operating system lies a structure that connects hardware and software. Covers Resource Allocation, CPU Scheduling and Interrupt Handling: When a user types, plays music and downloads files at the same time, the operating system must share the processor, memory and devices among all the tasks. Covers Comparing Modern Operating Systems: Modern computers run on a small family of operating systems, each with its own strengths. Also covers Introduction.	Copy the key points, give examples from school and everyday life, and ask questions on "Advanced Operating System Engineering" and related points.	Understanding: Advanced Operating System Engineering; Resource Allocation, CPU Scheduling and Interrupt Handling; Comparing Modern Operating Systems; and related ideas.
Step 3 6 MINUTES	Covers Software Licensing: A software licence is a legal contract between the publisher and the user stating how software may be used, copied, modified and distributed. Covers Software Categories: Beyond the operating system, software falls into three categories. Covers Practical Application Scenarios: Installing software runs an installer file (.exe or.dmg) that copies program files, creates shortcuts and registers the application with the OS. Also covers Impact of Choosing the Wrong Licence.	Discuss in pairs, then report one point on "Software Licensing" and related points to the class.	Understanding: Software Licensing; Software Categories; Practical Application Scenarios; and related ideas.
Step 4 6 MINUTES	Covers Productivity Suites: A productivity suite is a group of related application programs sold together as one package. Covers Word Processing Formatting: Formatting options in a word processor help organise text and make documents look professional. Covers Desktop Publishing Software and Design Principles: Desktop publishing, or DTP, uses specialised software to create professionally designed documents.	Respond to questions, complete the examples on the board and note down "Productivity Suites" and related points.	Understanding: Productivity Suites; Word Processing Formatting; Desktop Publishing Software and Design Principles.
Practical Work 6 MINUTES	Guides learners through the practical work: (i) List five functions of an operating system. (ii) Draw a table of four licence types and one example of each. (iii) Explain the difference between open source and freeware. Moves round the class to check progress and correct unsafe or careless use.	Carry out the practical tasks individually or in pairs and record what they did in their notebooks.	Applying the lesson through hands-on practice.
Evaluation 3 MINUTES	Asks learners to: i. State the functions and types of an operating system. ii. Explain what a software licence is and why it matters. iii. Compare proprietary, open source, freeware and shareware. iv. Describe commercial and subscription licence types.	Respond verbally and in writing to the evaluation questions.	Assessment and consolidation of the lesson content.
Conclusion 2 MINUTES	Recaps the main points: introduction, types of Operating Systems, common Operating Systems, functions of an Operating System, advanced Operating System Engineering. Links them to the assignment and previews Week 5: Number Systems and Data Representation.	Listen, ask questions and copy the assignment.	Reinforcement of key concepts and a preview of the next lesson.

Assignment: i. (a) What is a Word Processor? Mention three (3) practical uses of word processing software in modern offices. (b) Explain the purpose of text formatting features such as Bold, Italic, and Underline. (c) A plain text document consists of 4,096 characters (where 1 character = 1 Byte). Calculate its exact size in Kilobytes (KB) and determine how many bits are contained in that file. Show workings. ii. (a) Define Computer Software and classify it into its main categories, giving two examples of each. (b) Explain the primary functions of an Operating System. (c) A software application installer has a file size of 24 Megabits (Mb). Convert this file size into Megabytes (MB) and further into Kilobytes (KB). Show all steps.