SS 3 First Term

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BY THE END OF THE LESSON STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Cognitive	i. Describe the SDLC and its phases. ii. Compare the waterfall and agile models. iii. Explain the types of testing, documentation and maintenance. iv. Apply the SDLC to a small project.
Affective	i. Appreciate the value of Software Development Life Cycle in school, at home and in the community. ii. Show willingness to use digital tools carefully, safely and responsibly.
Psychomotor	i. List the phases of the SDLC in order and state one output of each. ii. Use a table to compare waterfall and agile. iii. Explain the purpose of user acceptance testing. iv. Explain why maintenance continues after release.

Rationale: The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the step-by-step process used to plan, build, test, release and care for a software system. Understanding what Is the SDLC and Its Phases, waterfall versus Agile (Scrum), applying the SDLC and Testing, the SDLC Phases in Order helps learners use digital technology confidently, safely and responsibly.

Pre-requisite Knowledge: In Week 7, learners studied Web Development and Web Design, including how Websites Work, hTML Structure and CSS Styling, client-Side, Server-Side, Databases and Building a Page. The knowledge from that week is used again in this lesson.

Learning Material/Teaching Aid: Whiteboard, markers, computer or laptop where available, printed notes and charts on Software Development Life Cycle, practical task sheets, learners' notebooks and pens.

Reference Materials: Digital Technology for Senior Secondary Schools (SS 3); NERDC Digital Technology Curriculum; Digital Technology SS 3 First Term Notes (Week 8); First Term examination and Continuous Assessment question papers.

LESSON DEVELOPMENT

Stage/Step (Time)	Teacher's Activities	Student's Activities	Learning Points
Introduction 5 MINUTES	Welcomes learners, revises Week 7 (Web Development and Web Design) with two quick oral questions, and asks what they already know about Software Development Life Cycle. Elicits responses and writes the topic on the board.	Recall the previous lesson and share what they already know about Software Development Life Cycle.	Connecting prior knowledge to Software Development Life Cycle.
Step 1 6 MINUTES	Covers What Is the SDLC and Its Phases: The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the step-by-step process used to plan, build, test, release and care for a software system. It turns an idea into a reliable product by managing quality and risk at every stage. Covers Waterfall versus Agile (Scrum): The Waterfall model is the classic linear approach to the SDLC. Each phase is completed fully before the next begins, and work flows downward like water over a series of falls, requirements, design, implementation, testing and deployment.	Listen, take notes and answer oral questions on "What Is the SDLC and Its Phases" and related points.	Understanding: What Is the SDLC and Its Phases; Waterfall versus Agile (Scrum).
Step 2 6 MINUTES	Covers Applying the SDLC and Testing: Testing guards the quality of a system, because without it errors reach users, damage trust and create security holes. Testing happens at many levels. Covers The SDLC Phases in Order: The Software Development Life Cycle breaks the building of software into ordered phases so that a team knows what to do next and what to produce at each stage. The full set of phases runs from planning through analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment and finally maintenance.	Copy the key points, give examples from school and everyday life, and ask questions on "Applying the SDLC and Testing" and related points.	Understanding: Applying the SDLC and Testing; The SDLC Phases in Order.
Step 3 6 MINUTES	Covers Other SDLC Models: Waterfall and Agile are not the only ways to run the SDLC. The Spiral model combines elements of both. Each loop of the spiral moves through planning, risk analysis, engineering and evaluation, and the project moves outward through the spiral as it grows.	Discuss in pairs, then report one point on "Other SDLC Models" to the class.	Understanding: Other SDLC Models.
Step 4 6 MINUTES	Covers Types of Testing, Documentation and Maintenance: Unit testing checks a single function in isolation to verify it produces the correct result for a given input. Integration testing checks that different components work together correctly, such as confirming that a results screen can read data from the database.	Respond to questions, complete the examples on the board and note down "Types of Testing, Documentation and Maintenance".	Understanding: Types of Testing, Documentation and Maintenance.
Practical Work 6 MINUTES	Guides learners through the practical work: (i) List the phases of the SDLC in order and state one output of each. (ii) Use a table to compare waterfall and agile. (iii) Explain the purpose of user acceptance testing. Moves round the class to check progress and correct unsafe or careless use.	Carry out the practical tasks individually or in pairs and record what they did in their notebooks.	Applying the lesson through hands-on practice.
Evaluation 3 MINUTES	Asks learners to: i. Describe the SDLC and its phases. ii. Compare the waterfall and agile models. iii. Explain the types of testing, documentation and maintenance. iv. Apply the SDLC to a small project.	Respond verbally and in writing to the evaluation questions.	Assessment and consolidation of the lesson content.
Conclusion 2 MINUTES	Recaps the main points: what Is the SDLC and Its Phases, waterfall versus Agile (Scrum), applying the SDLC and Testing, the SDLC Phases in Order, other SDLC Models. Links them to the assignment and previews Week 9: Electronic Commerce.	Listen, ask questions and copy the assignment.	Reinforcement of key concepts and a preview of the next lesson.

Assignment: i. A team argues that software is finished the moment the code works. Explain the Software Development Life Cycle, and state how agile approaches relate to it. ii. (a) What is Cybersecurity? State three (3) common computer security threats or malware types. (b) Explain the protective roles of Antivirus software and Firewalls in defending computer networks. (c) Perform the following storage scale conversions, showing all intermediate steps: (i) Convert 2 Terabytes (TB) into Gigabytes (GB). (ii) Convert 4,096 Megabytes (MB) into Gigabytes (GB). (iii) Arrange the following storage capacities in descending order: 16,384 Bits, 2 MB, 1,024 KB, 3 GB.